Main Product Description:
The FloPlast Niagara Adaptor is designed to connect Niagara gutter systems with square line gutters, providing a seamless transition between different types of gutter styles. Available in both left and right-handed versions, this adaptor ensures a secure fit while maintaining the aesthetic appeal of your rainwater system.
Features:
- Compatible with Niagara gutter systems and square line gutters.
- Available in black, brown, and white colors.
- Suitable for both left and right-handed installations.
Benefits:
- Enhances the appearance of your rainwater system by blending different gutter styles.
- Provides a reliable connection between Niagara and square line gutters, ensuring water flow efficiency.
Main Product Description:
The Floplast Niagara to Square Line Gutter Adaptor is designed to connect Floplast Niagara gutter systems with square line gutters. This adaptor is available in left hand white color and is suitable for use in various plumbing and rainwater system applications. It ensures seamless integration between different types of gutter systems, providing an efficient solution for water drainage and management.
Features:
- Designed for connecting Floplast Niagara gutter systems with square line gutters
- Available in left hand white color
- Suitable for various plumbing and rainwater system applications
Benefits:
- Enables easy connection between different types of gutter systems
- Seamless integration for efficient water drainage and management
Main Product Description:
FloPlast 112mm Round Running Outlet White is a practical and cost-effective solution for connecting the FloPlast Half Round Gutter system to a 68mm Round Downpipe. It is made of non-combustible PVC-U material and comes with a pre-lubricated seal for smooth installation. This outlet is compatible with most major gutter systems and is suitable for both new build and refurbishment applications.
Features:
- Made of non-combustible PVC-U material
- Pre-lubricated seal for smooth installation
- Compatible with most major gutter systems
Benefits:
- Non-combustible material ensures safety
- Smooth installation process saves time and effort
- Versatile compatibility allows for use in various projects
Main Product Description:
The FloPlast 112mm Round Stop End Outlet in White is a cost-effective and practical solution for both new-build and refurbishment applications. Made from high-quality, unplasticised polyvinyl chloride (PVCu), this durable plastic is compatible with most major guttering systems. The stop end outlet forms the connection between the gutter and the downpipe when the downpipe is positioned at the very end of the gutter run.
Features:
- Made from high-quality, unplasticised polyvinyl chloride (PVCu)
- Cost-effective solution for both new-build and refurbishment applications
- Compatible with most major guttering systems
- Pre-lubricated seal for improved installation
Benefits:
- Durable and long-lasting
- Easy to install
- Enhances the appearance of the guttering system
- Reduces the risk of leaks and water damage
Main Product Description:
Introducing the Floplast Hi-Cap Running Outlet 68mm White, a high-quality and efficient solution for transporting water flow from gutters to 68mm downpipes. This uPVC white running outlet is designed with fast and easy installation in mind, ensuring minimal disruption during its integration into your drainage system.
Features:
- Manufactured in the UK for durability and reliability.
- Lightweight and recyclable PVCu material for longevity and eco-friendliness.
- Semi-elliptical profile for optimal water flow distribution.
- Pre-fitted gutter seal for secure connection and waterproofing.
Benefits:
- Enhances the performance of your guttering system by efficiently managing water flow.
- Easy installation process saves time and reduces labor costs.
- Made from durable materials that ensure long-term functionality.
- Environmentally friendly due to its recyclable nature.
Main Product Description:
The FloPlast Niagara Running Outlet is a high-capacity domestic rainwater system that offers the aesthetic appeal of a traditional ogee profile. It benefits from a 10-year performance and color guarantee, ensuring durability and longevity. This running outlet can be connected to both square and round line downpipes, making it versatile for various installations.
Features:
- Traditional ogee profile design
- High-flow capacity
- Pre-fitted seal retaining clips for easy installation
- Available in multiple colors including black, white, brown, anthracite grey, and cast iron effect range
- Comes with a 10-year product guarantee
Benefits:
- Aesthetic appeal with traditional ogee profile
- Improved water flow capacity
- Efficient installation process with pre-fitted clips
- Durable and long-lasting with a 10-year guarantee
- Versatile compatibility with square and round line downpipes
Main Product Description:
Introducing the FloPlast 114mm Square Running Outlet, available in white. This high-quality uPVC gutter running outlet offers a flow capacity that exceeds Half Round systems and comes with pre-fitted gutter seals for added convenience. It features moulded screw holes for easy installation on the fascia board and a simple push-fit connection to 65mm square downpipes.
Features:
- Manufactured from durable uPVC material
- 10-year guarantee
- Moulded screw holes for secure attachment to the fascia board
- Push-fit connection to 65mm square downpipes
- Pre-fitted gutter seal for leak prevention
Benefits:
- Low maintenance design
- Exceeds flow capacity of Half Round systems
- Secure attachment to the fascia board
- Easy installation process
- Leak-free performance due to pre-fitted gutter seal
Main Product Description:
The FloPlast 114mm Square Stopend Outlet is a high-quality, cost-effective guttering solution made from unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVCu). It offers an attractive rectilinear profile suitable for various applications, including new-builds and refurbishments. The outlet is designed with durability in mind, making it a reliable choice for your project needs.
Features:
- Made from high-quality unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVCu), ensuring strength and longevity.
- Suitable for both new-build and refurbishment projects.
- Rectilinear profile adds an aesthetic appeal to any building design.
Benefits:
- Durable and long-lasting material ensures minimal maintenance over time.
- Versatile application possibilities cater to different construction requirements.
- Enhances the overall appearance of your property with its sleek and modern design.
Main Product Description:
Introducing the FloPlast 68mm Round Downpipe, a versatile drainage solution designed for various applications. This white downpipe measures 2.5 meters in length and has a diameter of 68mm. It is made by FloPlast, a renowned brand known for quality products. The FloPlast Downpipe is suitable for use with gutters and is available in other lengths such as 4 meters and 5.5 meters.
Features:
- Brand: FloPlast
- Diameter: 68mm
- Length: 2.5 meters
- Color: White
Benefits:
- Durable and long-lasting construction
- Suitable for various gutter systems
- Aesthetic appeal due to its white color
Main Product Description:
The FloPlast 68mm Round Downpipe is a high-quality, white downpipe designed for use with various gutter types featuring round outlets. It measures 4 meters in length and adheres to industry standards, allowing it to connect seamlessly with many other metal or plastic systems. The downpipe is suitable for both residential and commercial applications, providing reliable drainage solutions for buildings.
Features:
- Industry Standard Size (68mm)
- Suitable for Most Metal or Plastic Systems
- Adaptable Design for Easy Connection
- Designed for Use with Round Outlet Gutters
Benefits:
- Versatile Drainage Solution
- Durable Material for Long-Lasting Performance
- Aesthetically Pleasing White Finish
- Efficient Water Flow and Drainage
Main Product Description:
The FloPlast 68mm Round Pipe Socket is a versatile and efficient solution for joining two 68mm downpipes in a vertical drop. It features a push-fit connection that enables easy removal of the pipes for maintenance purposes. This socket is compatible with most major systems and offers a cost-effective choice for both new builds and refurbishments.
Features:
- Manufactured from white uPVC material for durability and resistance to weathering.
- Push-fit connection design for quick installation and ease of removal for cleaning or replacement.
- Compatibility with various gutter and downpipe systems.
Benefits:
- Cost-effective solution suitable for various applications.
- Easy to install and remove for maintenance or upgrades.
- Durable and resistant to weather conditions.
Main product description:
Introducing the FloPlast 65mm Square Pipe Socket in white, a high-quality, cost-effective solution for both new build and refurbishment projects. This attractive rectilinear profile offers a wide choice of design options, making it suitable for various plumbing and drainage applications.
Features:
- High-quality PVCu material ensures durability and resistance to weather conditions.
- Rectilinear profile adds an aesthetic appeal to your project.
- Push-fit joint allows for easy installation and removal for maintenance purposes.
Benefits:
- Suitable for use with 65mm square downpipes.
- Ideal for connecting two lengths of downpipes vertically.
- Enhances the overall appearance of your plumbing system.
Manufactured by FloPlast, the uPVC White Half-Round Gutter Union is used to connect lengths of half-round guttering together.
Product information
10 years Guarantee
Kitemark approved
Pre-lubricated seals
Features and benefits
The original Half Round profile
A practical, easy to install system, with good flow capacity
Specifications
Brand FloPlast
Pack quantity 1
Bracket type Union
Product diameter 112mm
Product length 132mm
Standard BS EN 607
Colour White
Material uPVC
Model name/number RU1W
Pipe shape Half round
Product code 5055149904516
Pre-lubricated fitted gutter seal and retaining clip system for fast user friendly installation
Cost effective solution for both new build and refurbishment applications
Connects to most other metal or plastic systems using our extensive range of adaptors
Main Product Description:
The FloPlast Hi-Cap Union Bracket White is a versatile solution designed to connect two lengths of high capacity guttering, offering seamless water flow and reliable performance. This bracket is manufactured from durable uPVC material, ensuring long-lasting resistance to weathering and minimal maintenance requirements. It is suitable for joining two lengths of 115mm half-round gutters and comes equipped with a 10-year manufacturer's guarantee for added peace of mind. The attractive white finish complements various architectural styles while providing cost-effective guttering solutions for both residential and commercial applications.
Features:
- Connects two lengths of high capacity guttering
- Durable uPVC construction for weather resistance
- Suitable for 115mm half-round gutters
- 10-year manufacturer's guarantee
- Attractive white finish
Benefits:
- Seamless water flow for efficient drainage
- Long-lasting durability with minimal maintenance
- Compatible with various architectural styles
- Cost-effective guttering solution
- Enhanced aesthetics with an attractive white finish
Main Product Description: The FloPlast Niagara Union Bracket is a high-capacity PVC-U domestic rainwater system with a traditional ogee style profile. It features a revolutionary designed moulded water-tight seal and retaining clip for easy installation, suitable for both old and new properties.
Features:
- Traditional ogee style profile
- High capacity PVC-U domestic rainwater system
- Revolutionary designed moulded water-tight seal and retaining clip
Benefits:
- Enhances property aesthetics with traditional design
- Improves functionality with high capacity system
- Simplifies installation process with user-friendly features
Main Product Description:
The FloPlast 114mm Square Union Bracket is a high-quality, white PVC-u bracket designed for connecting two lengths of square gutter together in a run. It is suitable for both new build and refurbishment applications due to its cost-effective nature and attractive rectilinear profile. The bracket conforms to the standard BS EN 607 and has a product diameter of 114mm with a product length of 139mm.
Features:
- High-quality PVC-u material
- Conforms to the standard BS EN 607
- Suitable for new build and refurbishment applications
- Attractive rectilinear profile
- Available in other sizes and colors
Benefits:
- Durable and weather-resistant
- Easy to install and maintain
- Enhances the aesthetic appeal of gutter systems
- Compatible with various types of gutters
- Offers flexibility in design and installation options
Main Product Description:
The FloPlast FloSaver Rainwater Diverter White is designed to save valuable rainwater for garden use by allowing it to flow from the downpipe directly into a water butt. Suitable for Floplast 80mm round downpipes, this diverter has a high gloss finish with a well-defined surface that ensures excellent weathering and colorfastness.
Features:
- Made for Floplast 80mm round downpipes
- High gloss finish
- Blemish-free surface
- Excellent all-round weathering
- Colorfast
Benefits:
- Saves valuable rainwater for garden use
- Allows rainwater to flow from the downpipe directly into a water butt
- Enhances outdoor space with sustainable water usage
Main Product Description:
The FloPlast 68 Round 67' Pipe Branch White is a versatile plumbing component designed for connecting secondary downpipes to the primary downpipe system at a 67.5-degree angle. It is manufactured from durable PVCu material and complies with BS EN 12200-1 standards, ensuring quality and reliability. This branch is suitable for various applications such as rainwater downpipes, new builds, refurbishments, conservatories, and extensions.
Features:
- Traditional round profile design
- Practical and easy to install
- Simple push-fit connection
- Available in multiple color options
- Compatible with different types of guttering, including Half Round, Hi-Cap, and Niagara
- Lightweight and durable for ease of handling
- Pre-lubricated seal for improved installation experience
Benefits:
- Enhances the overall aesthetics of the downpipe system
- Improves water flow capacity and efficiency
- Offers a cost-effective solution for both new build and refurbishment projects
- Suitable for use with various guttering styles, providing flexibility in design choices
- Can be installed quickly and easily, reducing labor costs and project timelines
- Backed by a 10-year performance and color guarantee, offering peace of mind for customers
Main Product Description:
Introducing the FloPlast 65mm Square 67' Pipe Branch in white, designed for seamless integration into your guttering and downpipe system. This branch is manufactured using uPVC material, ensuring durability and compatibility with both uPVC and metal rainwater systems. Its high gloss finish provides excellent weathering resistance and colorfastness, maintaining its appearance over time. With a 67.5° angle, it allows for efficient water flow between neighboring round downpipes.
Features:
- uPVC construction for durability and compatibility with various rainwater systems
- High gloss finish for superior weathering resistance and colorfastness
- Angled design at 67.5° for optimal connection between round downpipes
Benefits:
- Enhanced durability due to uPVC material
- Maintains appearance with blemish-free surface and high gloss finish
- Efficient water flow through the angled design
Main Product Description:
FloPlast Plain Soil Pipe 110mm x 3 Metre White is a high-quality, durable pipe designed for soil waste applications. It features a plain end design, making it suitable for various installation scenarios.
Features:
- Material: Made of robust materials for strength and longevity.
- Size: 110mm diameter and 3 metres long.
- Design: Plain ended for versatile use.
Benefits:
- Versatility: Can be installed in various configurations due to its plain ended design.
- Reliability: Built to last with strong materials.
- Ease of Use: Comes in convenient lengths for easy handling and installation.
Main Product Description:
Introducing the FloPlast SP101 Straight Soil Pan Connector - a versatile plumbing solution designed for use in various domestic applications. This connector is compatible with WC pans manufactured to BS5503-4 and is suitable for close coupled WC installation or replacement. It boasts a bright white finish to complement sanitary ware, making it easy to maintain and keep clean. With its robust construction and reliable performance, the FloPlast SP101 is an essential addition to your plumbing toolkit.
Key Features & Benefits:
- Integral sealing diaphragm permits up to 5° misalignment in any direction, ensuring secure and leak-free connections.
- Constructed from durable polypropylene material, offering strength and longevity.
- Suitable for use with all PVC, clay, and cast iron systems, providing flexibility in system configurations.
- Compatible with all UK 110mm plastic soil systems manufactured to BS EN 1329 or BS4514 standards.
- Bright white finish matches sanitary ware, enhancing aesthetic appeal and ease of cleaning.
- Easy to install, reducing labor time and effort.
- Backed by a one-year manufacturer's guarantee for peace of mind and reliability.
Main Product Description:
FloPlast's Offset Pan Connector (code SP102) is designed for challenging installations where space is limited. Made from durable polypropylene according to BS 5627:1984 standards, it boasts an integral sealing diaphragm that enables up to 5 degrees of misalignment in any direction. This versatile connector is suitable for use with various waste systems, including those made from PVC, clay, cast iron, and plastic pipes conforming to specific standards. Its bright white finish matches common sanitary ware, making it easy to maintain.
Key Features & Benefits:
- Durable polypropylene construction per BS 5627:1984 specification
- Integral sealing diaphragm accommodates up to 5 degrees of misalignment
- Suitable for connecting to a range of waste systems, such as PVC, clay, cast iron, and compliant plastic pipes
- Bright white finish complements most sanitary ware for ease of cleaning
Main Product Description:
The FloPlast Pan Connector - 90 Degree Bent SP103 is a versatile, white plastic component designed for use in 110mm soil systems. It offers flexibility and adaptability for various installation scenarios, allowing it to be installed in any direction to connect to the soil pipe. This connector includes an integral seal that ensures a secure and reliable connection.
Features:
- Made from durable polypropylene material
- Adjustable working length from 160-300mm
- Outlet size of 110mm
- Bends up to 90 degrees for accommodating awkward alignments
- Integral sealing diaphragm for out of alignment connections up to 5 degrees
Benefits:
- Suitable for use in 110mm soil systems
- Enables easy installation in diverse directions
- Provides a robust solution for connecting soil pipes
Product Description:
The FloPlast Pan Connector Extension Piece SP104 is designed for use with Floplast WC pans to allow for extensions to the soil system. Made from durable polypropylene, it conforms to the British Standard BS5627:1984. The integral sealing diaphragm enables up to 5 degrees of misalignment in any direction, ensuring a secure fit even when there's a gap between the pan and the soil pipe.
Features:
- Durable polypropylene construction (BS5627:1984)
- Integral sealing diaphragm for up to 5 degrees of misalignment
- Designed for use with Floplast WC pans
Benefits:
- Enables secure connections despite misaligned pipes
- Compatible with various types of WC pans
- High-quality material ensures long-term performance
Main product description:
The FloPlast 110mm Soil Double Socket is a white pipe coupling designed to connect two 110mm soil pipes. It provides an efficient means of wastewater drainage and foul discharge from appliances. Made from uPVC, it offers durability and resistance to corrosion. The double socket design ensures secure connections between pipes.
Features:
- Efficient means of wastewater drainage and foul discharge from appliances
- Durable uPVC material resistant to corrosion
- Secure connection with double socket design
Benefits:
- Ensures proper functioning of plumbing systems
- Reduces the risk of leaks and water damage
- Long-lasting and easy to install
Main Product Description:
The FloPlast Pan Connector - Flexible SP106 is a versatile and durable solution designed for connecting pipes and drains in various applications. It offers a flexible design that accommodates up to 5° misalignment in any direction, ensuring a secure and reliable connection. This product is manufactured using robust materials such as PVC-U, which provides strength, durability, and resistance to high temperatures. Its lightweight construction makes it easy to handle and install, making it suitable for both residential and commercial projects.
Features:
- Integral sealing diaphragm for up to 5° misalignment in all directions
- Durable construction using PVC-U material
- Lightweight and easy to handle
- Suitable for high-temperature waste discharge
Benefits:
- Enhanced flexibility and adaptability during installation
- Improved reliability and security due to the sealing diaphragm
- Reduced risk of damage during transportation and handling due to its lightweight nature
- Increased efficiency in wastewater management due to its compatibility with high-temperature discharge
Main Product Description:
The FloPlast 110mm Soil Single Socket White is a versatile drainage solution designed for various applications. It features a ring seal push-fit socket on one end, allowing it to connect with plain ended pipes, while its other end offers a solvent weld socket for attaching to different types of pipes.
Features:
- Ring seal push-fit socket for easy connection to plain ended pipes
- Solvent weld socket for secure attachment to various types of pipes
- Available in different lengths, such as 1m and 3m
Benefits:
- Enhanced stability and durability due to its robust design
- Suitable for use in both residential and commercial settings
- Reduced installation time with the push-fit socket feature
- Compatible with a wide range of piping systems
Main Product Description:
FloPlast 110mm Soil 92.5° Socket/Spigot Bend is a high-quality, easy-to-install component designed for use in soil drainage systems. Made from durable uPVC material, this bend provides a secure connection between pipes with its socket and spigot design. It is available in white, ensuring a seamless fit into any installation environment.
Features:
- Easy push-fit installation
- Durable uPVC construction
- Available in white color
- Designed for use in soil drainage systems
- Compatible with other FloPlast products
Benefits:
- Enhances system performance by providing a secure connection between pipes
- Improves water flow efficiency
- Blends easily with surrounding environments due to its white color
- Reduces installation time and effort compared to traditional methods
- Provides a reliable solution for changing the direction of 110mm soil pipe systems
Product Description:
Introducing the FloPlast Boss Adaptor - Solvent Weld 32mm White, designed for easy installation and durability. This adaptor allows you to connect a waste pipe securely within the boss pipe, ensuring a long-lasting fit. It's suitable for use with 36mm pipes or fittings, making it versatile for various plumbing applications.
Features:
- Constructed from high-quality materials for longevity and resistance to wear.
- Designed for solvent welding, providing a strong bond between the boss adaptor and the waste pipe.
- Compatible with both 32mm and 36mm pipes or fittings, offering flexibility in plumbing projects.
- Suitable for waste pipe connections in various settings, including residential and commercial properties.
Benefits:
- Enhances the functionality of your plumbing system by providing a reliable connection point for waste pipelines.
- Reduces the risk of leaks and water damage due to its robust design and secure bonding process.
- Offers a cost-effective solution for upgrading or repairing existing plumbing infrastructure without the need for extensive renovations.
FloPlast's uPVC White Socket/Spigot Access Pipe provides several points of access where soil and waste pipes can be fixed to.
Key Information:
Manufacturer: FloPlast
Supplier Part Code: SP274W
Length: 219mm
Width: 166mm
Height: 145mm
Colour: White
Weight: 633g
Guarantee: 10 Years Manufacturers
EAN Code: 5055149907012
Main Product Description:
The FloPlast 110mm Soil Socket Plug White is designed to cap off sections of the soil pipe system when needed. This lightweight plug is made from high-quality uPVC material, making it durable and resistant to wear and tear. The FloPlast White Socket Plug is an essential component for closing unused sockets in a soil stack, providing flexibility and convenience for various plumbing applications.
Features:
- Lightweight design for easy handling and installation
- Made from high-quality uPVC material for durability
- Designed to cap off sections of the soil pipe system
- Ideal for use in temporarily protecting new sections during construction
Benefits:
- Ensures proper sealing of the soil pipe system
- Protects against potential leaks and water damage
- Provides flexibility for various plumbing applications
- Durable and long-lasting due to its high-quality uPVC construction
Main Product Description:
Introducing the FloPlast 110mm Soil Pipe, a single socket design available in lengths up to 3 meters. This product is made from durable PVC-U material, making it lightweight yet robust for high-temperature waste discharge applications. The pipe's white color blends seamlessly into any bathroom decor while providing a reliable solution for soil disposal systems.
Features:
- Available in lengths up to 3 meters
- Manufactured using PVC-U material for strength and durability
- Lightweight and easy to install
- Suitable for use in high-temperature waste discharge environments
- Compatible with ring seal fittings for secure connections
Benefits:
- Blends seamlessly into bathroom decor due to its white color
- Provides a reliable solution for soil disposal systems
- Lightweight and easy to handle during installation
- Robust enough for high-temperature waste discharge environments
Main Product Description: The FloPlast 110mm Soil Vent Terminal White is a versatile and durable solution for managing soil vents in plumbing systems. Designed to fit seamlessly onto 110mm soil pipes, it comes in white color and can be secured using solvent cement.
Features:
- Compatibility with 110mm soil pipes
- Secured with solvent cement
- Available in white color
Benefits:
- Enhances the aesthetic appeal of plumbing installations
- Provides a secure connection to soil pipes
Main Product Description: The FloPlast 110mm White Strap Boss is a versatile fitting designed to securely attach additional waste pipes to existing soil pipes. Made from high-quality uPVC, it is suitable for use with various adapter sizes (30mm, 40mm, or 50mm) and can be easily installed using solvent welding techniques.
Features:
- High-quality uPVC construction
- Suitable for securing additional waste pipes to soil pipes
- Can be used with different adapter sizes (30mm, 40mm, or 50mm)
- Installed using solvent welding techniques
Benefits:
- Enables the introduction of a waste pipe into a 110mm soil pipe
- Provides a secure connection between waste and soil pipes
- Compatible with various adapter sizes for flexibility in installation
Main Product Description:
Introducing the FloPlast 110mm Soil Offset Top Bend White, a versatile and durable accessory designed for use with 110mm soil pipes. This bend is perfect for creating a swan neck connection when combined with a bottom offset, allowing for efficient water flow and ease of installation. Available in white, it seamlessly blends into any decor while ensuring reliable performance.
Features:
- Made from high-quality materials for durability and longevity
- Designed to work with both soil and vent pipes
- Swan neck design for optimal flow control
- Easy to install and connect using solvent welding techniques
Benefits:
- Enhances the functionality of your plumbing system by diverting wastewater effectively
- Improves overall aesthetic appeal with its sleek and modern design
- Provides long-lasting performance due to robust construction
- Compatible with various pipe sizes, offering flexibility during installation
Product Description: The FloPlast 110mm Ring Seal Soil 92.5° Double Socket Bend is a versatile plumbing component designed to change the direction of a PVC soil pipe. It is commonly used in a horizontal plane, providing a slight fall that ensures proper drainage. This bend is made from high-quality PVC-U material, ensuring durability and resistance to corrosion. Its 92.5° angle allows for smooth transitions between pipes, making it an essential addition to any plumbing project.
Features:
- Made from durable PVC-U material
- 92.5° angle for smooth transitions between pipes
- Designed for use with PVC soil pipes
- Ideal for use in both vertical and horizontal applications
- Resistant to corrosion and other environmental factors
Benefits:
- Ensures proper drainage and prevents blockages
- Provides flexibility in pipe routing
- Durable design for long-term use
- Easy to install and maintain
- Compatible with various plumbing systems
